Sex differences in clinical outcomes of extremely preterm infants/extremely low birth weight infants: a propensity score matching study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of sex on the clinical outcome of extremely preterm infants (EPIs)/extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) by propensity score matching.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical data of 731 EPIs or ELBWIs who were admitted from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020. These infants were divided into two groups: male and female. A propensity score matching analysis was performed at a ratio of 1:1. The matching variables included gestational age, birth weight, percentage of withdrawal from active treatment, percentage of small-for-gestational-age infant, percentage of use of pulmonary surfactant, percentage of 1-minute Apgar score ≤3, percentage of mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, percentage of antenatal use of inadequate glucocorticoids, and percentage of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. The two groups were compared in the incidence rate of main complications during hospitalization and the rate of survival at discharge.@*RESULTS@#Before matching, compared with the female group, the male group had significantly higher incidence rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and patent ductus arteriosus (P<0.05), while after matching, the male group only had a significantly higher incidence rate of BPD than the female group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of survival at discharge between the two groups before and after matching (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Male EPIs/ELBWIs have a higher risk of BPD than female EPIs/ELBWIs, but male and female EPIs/ELBWIs tend to have similar outcomes.

The Relationship between Japanese Encephalitis and Environmental Factors in China Explored Using National Surveillance Data / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious public health issue. This study was undertaken to better understand the relationship between JE distribution and environmental factors in China. JE data from 2005 to 2010 were retrieved from National Notifiable Disease Report System. ArcGIS, remote sensing techniques, and R software was used to exhibit and explore the relationship between JE distribution and environmental factors. Our results indicated that JE cases were mostly concentrated in warm-temperate, semitropical and tropical zones with annual precipitation > 400 mm; Broad-leaved evergreen forest, shrubs, paddy field, irrigated land, dryland, evergreen coniferous forest, and shrubland were risk factors for JE occurrence, and the former five were risk factors for counties with high JE incidence. These findings will inform the effective allocation of limited health resources such as intensive vaccination, surveillance and training in areas with high environmental risk factors.

Contamination of live virus during tissue homogenizing by ultrasonic processor and tissue disperser / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To quantitatively evaluate the contamination area and risk of a live pathogen during tissue homogenization by either ultrasonic processor or tissue disperser.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus (rHSV) containing GFP gene was used as the index virus, and fresh liver tissue from healthy mice was used as simulated specimen. After 10% liver homogenate was mixed with rHSV (100 TCID50/0.1 mL) in a 5 mL tube, the stability of rHSV in liver homogenate and influences of an ultrasonic processor and a tissue disperser on viral infectivity were determined by GFP expressions in cell cultures. The contaminating areas of live viruses during homogenization were evaluated by a cell culture-based sedimentary. The contamination radii were counted by measurement of the distance between the operator and the farthest GFP positive well.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infectivity of rHSV in 10% liver homogenate maintained almost unchanged after it was incubated at room temperature for 30 min. Treatment with an ultrasonic processor clearly dropped down the virus infectivity, while a disperser not. Obvious spills and slashes of live viruses were observed in processes of homogenization with those two apparatuses. The contamination radii are positively related with sample volume, output energy of operator and handling time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Homogenizing infectious samples with an ultrasonic processor and a tissue disperser at commonly used conditions caused obvious spills and splashes of live viruses, which possesses high risk to induce Laboratory acquired infections (LAIs).</p>

Genotyping and sequence analysis on G2 segment of hantavirus carried by rat in Hebei province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To know the genotype and subtype of hantavirus (HV) carried by host animals in HFRS natural epidemic area of Hebei province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the conservative sequence of 76-118 and R22 strains, specific primers were designed. RT-nested PCR was used to amplify partial M segments from the positive rat lungs screened by IFA. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to identify the types. Nucleotides were assayed from partial products after purification and reclaim. Gene analysis was carried on with DNAStar package.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>32 specimens, which were positive screened by IFA, were amplified the specific segment (418bp) and all belonged to type SEO. Sequencing results of 10 partial segments indicated that G2 segment had little variability and nucleotide homology reached to 98.0%-100.0%. Comparing with the R22 and 76-118 strains, homology was 93.3%-94.3% and 67.7%-69.0% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>According to G2 segment, SEO was the major type in Hebei HFRS natural epidemic area and S3 was the major subtype. HV which belonged to the same subtype had high homology and genetic materials were correspondingly stable. Different rats could carry the same subtype of HV.</p>

Significance of Serum Total Bile Acid and Cholinesterase in Diagnosis and Treatment of Infantile Hepatopathy / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore clinical value of serum total bile acid(TBA) and cholinesterase(CHE) in infantile hepatopathy.Methods Sixty infants diagnosed respectively with breast milk jaundice,cytomegalovirus hepatitis and congenital bile duct teratism were included.Twenty healthy infants were as control.The infants of cytomegalovirus hepatitis were self-compared in acute stage and convalescence stage.Serum TBA and CHE in every group were measured and compared.Results Serum TBA in control group,breast milk jaundice group,cytomegalovirus hepatitis group and congenital bile duct teratism group were(6.47?3.25),(8.71?1.79),(45.86?40.85),(119.50?31.73) ?mol/L,respectively;and CHE were(11295.50?1731.91),(10762.89?1237.30),(9771.32?860.27),(7967.304?31.58) U/L,respectively.Compared with other groups,the level of serum TBA and CHE in cytomegalovirus hepatitis group and the congenital bile duct teratism group were significantly different(all P